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语法错误
,因为我们没有遵守正确的 Python 语法。异常
,即使代码在语法上正确无误。Python 有不同类型的内置异常。可以指定要在 except
块中处理哪个错误,如下所示:
try: # some code except ValueError: # some code
现在它会捕获 ValueError
异常,但是不会捕获其他异常。如果我们希望该处理程序处理多种异常,我们可以在 except
后面添加异常元组。
try: # some code except (ValueError, KeyboardInterrupt): # some code
或者,如果我们希望根据异常执行不同的代码块,可以添加多个 except
块。
try: # some code except ValueError: # some code except KeyboardInterrupt: # some code
处理除以零的案例:
def create_groups(items, num_groups): try: size = len(items) // num_groups except ZeroDivisionError: print("WARNING: Returning empty list. Please use a nonzero number.") return [] else: groups = [] for i in range(0, len(items), size): groups.append(items[i:i + size]) return groups finally: print("{} groups returned.".format(num_groups)) print("Creating 6 groups...") for group in create_groups(range(32), 6): print(list(group)) print("\nCreating 0 groups...") for group in create_groups(range(32), 0): print(list(group))
正确的输出应该是:
Creating 6 groups... 6 groups returned. [0, 1, 2, 3, 4] [5, 6, 7, 8, 9] [10, 11, 12, 13, 14] [15, 16, 17, 18, 19] [20, 21, 22, 23, 24] [25, 26, 27, 28, 29] [30, 31] Creating 0 groups... WARNING: Returning empty list. Please use a nonzero number. 0 groups returned.
在处理异常时,依然可以如下所示地访问其错误消息:
try: # some code except ZeroDivisionError as e: # some code print("ZeroDivisionError occurred: {}".format(e))
应该会输出如下所示的结果:
ZeroDivisionError occurred: division by zero
如果没有要处理的具体错误,依然可以如下所示地访问消息:
try: # some code except Exception as e: # some code print("Exception occurred: {}".format(e))
此处:Exception
是所有内置异常的基础类。
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